Which vitamin is crucial in decreasing the risk of neural tube defects?

Folic acid is a critical nutrient for pregnant individuals and those planning to conceive because it significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, occur when the neural tube—a structure that eventually becomes the baby’s brain and spinal cord—does not close properly during the early stages of pregnancy.

Research has shown that adequate folate levels can help ensure proper neural tube development. This is why it's recommended for women of childbearing age to consume sufficient folic acid, either through diet or supplements, especially during the preconception period and the early weeks of pregnancy, when the neural tube is forming.

Other vitamins listed have important roles in overall health, but they do not specifically target the prevention of neural tube defects as folic acid does. Therefore, the focus on folic acid is backed by extensive scientific evidence recognizing its specific role in supporting fetal neural development.