Which nutritional deficiency is common in pregnancy and can lead to anemia?

Iron deficiency is a common nutritional deficiency in pregnancy that can lead to anemia, which is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume increases significantly, which places a higher demand on iron reserves. Iron is essential for hemoglobin production, and with increased requirements, if the intake is inadequate, it can result in iron-deficiency anemia.

This condition not only affects maternal health, causing fatigue and increased risk of infections, but it can also have adverse effects on fetal development and increase the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Therefore, monitoring and ensuring adequate iron intake through diet or supplementation is crucial during pregnancy to avoid these potential complications.

Other nutritional deficiencies mentioned, such as vitamin D, folic acid, and calcium, while important for various aspects of health during pregnancy, do not directly cause anemia in the same manner as iron deficiency does. Folic acid is important for preventing neural tube defects, while vitamin D and calcium play roles in bone health and development. Each of these nutrients has its specific importance, but they do not directly result in anemia caused by hemoglobin deficiency like iron does.