Which conditions are screened for during the first trimester of pregnancy?

During the first trimester of pregnancy, certain genetic and structural conditions are commonly screened to assess the risk of potential abnormalities. The focus on conditions such as Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects is significant because early detection can lead to better management options and informed decision-making for the expectant parents.

Screening for these conditions typically involves first-trimester ultrasounds and maternal blood tests that evaluate specific biochemical markers. For example, ultrasound can be used to measure the nuchal translucency (the fluid at the back of the baby's neck), and blood tests can measure levels of proteins such as PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin). An increased risk for these conditions can lead to further testing, such as non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) or amniocentesis, for more definitive diagnosis.

The choice of conditions screened in the first trimester aligns with current guidelines and best practices aimed at identifying risk factors early in pregnancy, allowing for timely interventions if needed.