What is the purpose of the glucose tolerance test during pregnancy?

The glucose tolerance test during pregnancy is primarily designed to detect gestational diabetes, a condition that can arise due to the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. This test evaluates how well the body processes sugar and is crucial for identifying women who may have an impaired glucose metabolism.

Gestational diabetes can lead to complications for both the mother and baby, including excessive fetal growth, preterm birth, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. By detecting this condition early through the glucose tolerance test, healthcare providers can implement appropriate management strategies, such as dietary changes, monitoring blood sugar levels, or insulin administration if necessary.

The other options, while important in their own contexts, do not relate to the primary aim of the glucose tolerance test during pregnancy. This test is not concerned with assessing the mother's kidney function, measuring fetal heart rate, or evaluating nutritional deficiencies; rather, it focuses specifically on assessing the blood glucose levels to ensure maternal and infant health.