What is a significant risk factor that can affect antepartal health outcomes?

High levels of stress during the antepartal period can significantly affect health outcomes for both the mother and the developing fetus. Stress can lead to a variety of physiological responses, such as increased cortisol levels, which can negatively influence maternal health by increasing the risk of pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Furthermore, elevated stress levels can also affect maternal behaviors, potentially leading to inadequate prenatal care, poor nutrition, and lack of social support.

In contrast, adequate nutrition, regular exercise, and strong social support represent positive factors that contribute to better health outcomes during pregnancy. Adequate nutrition is essential for fetal development; regular exercise can enhance physical well-being and reduce stress; and strong social support can provide emotional encouragement and practical assistance throughout pregnancy, all of which promote overall antepartal health.