What complication may arise from gestational diabetes?

Macrosomia, the condition characterized by a larger-than-average baby, is a significant complication associated with gestational diabetes. When a pregnant person has elevated glucose levels, it can lead to increased insulin production in the fetus, leading to excessive growth. This macrosomia can occur because the excess glucose in the maternal bloodstream is translated into more energy for the developing fetus, resulting in higher fat deposition and overall growth.

Additionally, macrosomia can lead to various delivery complications, such as increased chances of cesarean section and labor difficulties due to the size of the baby. It may also carry risks for the child after birth, such as an increased likelihood of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.

The other mentioned complications are not directly caused by gestational diabetes in the same manner. Preeclampsia is a condition associated with high blood pressure in pregnancy, and while it may co-occur with gestational diabetes, it is not directly caused by it. Anemia can occur in pregnancy but is not linked to the presence of gestational diabetes specifically. Oligohydramnios refers to low amniotic fluid levels, which can occur due to various reasons but is not a direct consequence of gestational diabetes.