What complication is commonly associated with gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels that develop during pregnancy, and it poses specific risks to both the mother and the fetus. One of the most significant complications associated with gestational diabetes is macrosomia, which refers to an excessive birth weight in the fetus, typically defined as weighing more than 8 pounds 13 ounces at birth.

When a pregnant woman has elevated blood glucose levels, the excess glucose crosses the placenta, leading to higher insulin production in the fetus. This increased insulin can promote excessive growth, resulting in macrosomia. Infants born with macrosomia face several risks, including difficulty during delivery, increased chance of birth injuries, and potential health issues after birth, such as hypoglycemia.

Understanding this relationship is crucial for managing gestational diabetes effectively to mitigate the risks of macrosomia, along with other potential complications. It helps healthcare providers implement appropriate dietary controls, insulin therapy if necessary, and closely monitor fetal growth throughout the pregnancy.