Describe the purpose of the Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test.

The Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test is primarily used to screen for certain developmental conditions in the fetus, particularly neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. It is a protein produced by the fetal liver, and its levels can provide important information about the health of the pregnancy. Elevated levels of AFP may indicate the possibility of these defects, prompting further diagnostic testing.

Additionally, the AFP test can also be used to screen for other genetic conditions, including Down syndrome. Abnormal levels of AFP in conjunction with other markers can help healthcare providers assess the risk of genetic disorders. Therefore, the correct understanding of the purpose of the AFP test emphasizes its role in identifying potential serious fetal conditions early in pregnancy, allowing for more informed decisions and planning for care.

Other options such as assessing maternal nutritional status, evaluating fetal heart rate patterns, or detecting gestational diabetes do not pertain to the specific use of the AFP test, which is distinctly focused on fetal health indicators related to genetic conditions and development.